Un caso raro de mediastinitis necrosante descendente / An Unusual Case of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis

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Hepatopulmonary syndrome with large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: CT findings with emphasis on its association with a mosaic pattern of the lung parenchyma.

We present a case of a 54-year-old patient with cirrhosis, progressive dyspnea, and platypnea. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), confirming the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Besides precisely identifying the number and location of PAVM, CT also demonstrated a striking mosaic pattern of the lung parenchyma, characterized by the presence of alternating geographic areas of low attenuation (showing pulmonary vessels with a decreased diameter) with regions of relatively increased attenuation (showing pulmonary vessels with a normal diameter). This mosaic pattern of the lung parenchyma has scarcely been described in patients with HPS since it is not always present and usually requires a post-processing of the CT images in order to increase the contrast between the low attenuation areas (representing hypoperfused regions) and the areas with a relatively increased attenuation (representing better perfused regions). The decision was made to embolize the major PAVM, achieving an improvement of both the oxygen partial pressure and the patient's symptoms. This improvement allowed the patient to become an acceptable candidate for liver transplantation. We believe that, unlike other radiological signs of HPS, the mosaic pattern has not been sufficiently described in the scientific literature. If the association of the mosaic pattern on CT with HPS is confirmed in larger studies, it could become a useful sign for detecting hypoperfused pulmonary areas related to small nonvisible PAVM.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome with large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: CT findings with emphasis on its association with a mosaic pattern of the lung parenchyma / Síndrome hepatopulmonar con malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares grandes: hallazgos en TC con énfasis en el patrón en mosaico del parénquima pulmonar

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Psicopatología en el paciente con obesidad / Psycopathology in obese patients

Resumen: INTRODUCCIÓN: En las dos últimas décadas se han multiplicado las publicaciones científicas que cuestionan la definición médica tradicional de la obesidad por haberse centrado en el tejido adiposo (menos inerte y más interconectado con los demás tejidos de lo que se pensaba), y en un modelo patogénico heredado del siglo XIX que reducía el problema a un mero desequilibrio entre la incorporación y el gasto de energía, todo ello vagamente modulado por factores que se analizaban como variables secundarias: psicosociales y neuroendocrinas. OBJETIVO: Relacionar la psicopatología y la obesidad, dando prioridad a los puntos de vista emocional y de comportamiento como focos para descomponer al grupo de obesos en perfiles emocional-conductuales que requerirían tratamientos diferenciales. MÉTODO: Se presentan datos descriptivos de los 180 primeros pacientes incluidos del programa de Estudio de los Aspectos Emocionales del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor en Madrid; se realizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y una batería de test psicométricos; se presentan datos descriptivos y un análisis de asociación entre Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y ansiedad o depresión. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los pacientes tienen alta puntuación en psicopatología; el 80.9% tenía sintomatología depresiva importante, el 56.39% tenía elevada ansiedad-rasgo, el 48.26% tenía elevada ansiedad-estado, el 24.4% cumplía criterios de trastorno por atracones y el 11.9% de bulimia nerviosa (BN); un 17.3% tenía criterios de trastorno por estrés postraumático. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados apoyan la asociación esencial entre obesidad y psicopatología.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the past two decades the traditional definition of obesity has been challenged because it emphasizes the centrality of adipose tissue (a less inert and more interconnected tissue than previously thought), and it preserves the 19th century model that reduces the problem into simple imbalance between energetic incomes and expenditures vaguely modulated by psychosocial and neuroendocrine factors considered as mere adjuvants. OBJECTIVE: To relate psychopathology and obesity prioritizing the emotional-behavioral origin of adiposity, and start the breakdown of the general obesity group into emotional and behavioral profiles that warrant differential treatments. METHOD: Descriptive data of 180 patients treated in the Overweight and Obesity Program of Infanta Leonor University Hospital (Madrid, Spain); a semi-structured interview and psychometric tests were performed. Association tests between affective (anxiety and depression) and Body Mass Index (BMI) variables are shown. RESULTS: Most patients showed high scores in psychopathology; 80.9% had major depressive symptomatology, 56.39% had high anxiety-trait, 48.26% had high anxiety-state, 24.4% met criteria for binge eating disorder and 11.9% of bulimia nervosa; 17.3% had criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results support the association between obesity and psychopathology.